Race and Monstrosity in Dungeons & Dragons

This work examines how ideas of race in Dungeons & Dragons are rooted in more than 2,000 years of history, from ancient Greek depictions of "monstrous races" through early modern Europe. It shows how co-creator Gary Gygax formalized fantasy creatures using frameworks based on scientific taxonomy and nineteenth-century racial theory. These influences continue to shape how race functions in the game, especially in the depiction of orcs and drow--two groups identified by publisher Wizards of the Coast as particularly problematic. The book provides a historical overview, case studies in racial representation of orcs and drow, and interviews with players of color that provide insight into the experience of race during play. A concluding chapter notes progress and limitations in recent revisions to the game's treatment of race. Even as terms shift from "race" to "species," the author argues, the foundational logic of classification remains embedded in the fantasy genre.